Holothuria (Halodeima)

Pearson, 1914

11 species

Robust forms with large tentacles subventrally directed; numerous feet on ventrum, sometimes completely retracted, and a large number of smaller feet and papilliform appendages on the dorsum, in some forms tending to become distinct warts. Some species with numerous stone canals. Spicules, an external layer of tables, not crowded, with small disc, well developed spire, and one crossbeam; spire with 12 teeth, 4 erect and 8 horizontal, forming a Maltese cross. Inner layer consisting of a varying number of minute rosettes or plates derived from these, or slightly larger plates derived from small bifurcate rods. Ventral feet with large end plate and a number of narrow to broad supporting rods or plates, with few to many perforations. Dorsal appendages with vestigial end plate or none, and curved to straight rods. (Deichmann, 1958, for Ludwigothuria)

Tentacles 20; pedicels in three distinct but crowded rows on the more or less distinctly sole-like ventral surface, papillae small irregularly arranged on the dorsal surface; body wall soft, quite thick, usually 2-3 (1-5) mm.; body almost cylindrical; size moderate to large, up to 350 mm long; calcareous ring quite stout, radial plates up to three times the length of the interradials; spicules consisting of tables, usually with reduced disc, spire moderate to high, ending in a few spines forming a maltese cross when viewed from above, no large flattened or spinous rods present in the body wall. (Rowe, 1969)