Bibliography of Biological Literature: W

Wada, K., 1992. Temporal change in density and size structure of the sea cucumber Polycheira rufescens inhabiting the intertidal boulder beach at Hatakejima Island, Tanabe Bay, central Japan. Publications Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. 35(6): 363-370.

Waiyanida, W., 1985. Echinoderms from the Gulf of Thailand. Technical paper of Marine Fisheries Research Station 27/2, Marine Fisheries Division, Department Fisheries. 33 pps., 42 figs.

Waiyanida, W., 1986. Echinoderms from the Gulf of Thailand II. Technical paper of Marine Fisheries Research Station 28/3, Marine Fisheries Division, Department Fisheries. 51 pps., 18 figs.

Walker, M., Tyler, PA., Billett, DSM., 1987. Organic and calorific content of the body tissues of deep-sea elasipodid holothurians in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology. 96(2): 277-282.

Walker, M., Tyler, PA., & Billett, DSM., 1987. Biochemical and calorific content of deep-sea aspidochirotid holothurians from the northeast Atlantic. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology A. 88(3): 549-551.

Walter, A., 1885. Ceylon’s echinodermen. Zeitschrift Naturwissenschaftliche. 18: 365-384.

Wang, PH., Chang, YQ., Xu, GR., & Song LS., 2005. Isolation and ultrastructure of an enveloped virus in cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus ( Selenka). Journal Fishery Sciences China. 12(6): 766-770.

Wang, R., & Cheng, Y., 2004. Breeding and culture of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, Liao. Pp. 277-286. In ADVANCES IN SEA CUCUMBER AQUACULTURE AND MANAGEMENT. (Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S. Uthicke, S., Hamel, JF., & Mercier, A., eds.). FAO, Fisheries Technical Paper 463. Rome. 425 pps.

Wang, YG., Fang, B. Zhang, CY., & Rong, XJ., 2006. Etiology of skin ulcer syndrome in cultured juveniles of Apostichopus japonicus and analysis of reservoir of the pathogens. Journal Fishery Sciences China. 13(4): 610-616.

Wang, YG., Zang, CY., Rong, XJ., Chen, JJ., & Shi, CY., 2004. Diseases of cultured sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, in China. Pp. 297-310. In: ADVANCES IN SEA CUCUMBER AQUACULTURE AND MANAGEMENT. (Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, JF., Mercier, A., eds.). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 463. 425 pps.

Wang, YH., Lu, ZH., Jiang, TF., Liu, C., & Guo, SY., 2005. Extraction and determination of polysaccharides in the Holothuria. Zhongguo Haiyang Daxue Xuebao. 35(6): 87-990.

Ward RG., 1972. The Pacific Bêche-de-mer trade with special reference to Fiji. Pp. 91-123. In: MAN IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS. ESSAYS ON GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGE IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS. (Ward, RG., ed.). Oxford University Press, London. 339 pps.

Ward-Rainey, N., Rainey, FA., & Stackebrandt, E., 1996. A study of the bacterial flora associated with Holothuria atra. Journal Experimental Marine Biology Ecology. 203(1): 11-26.

Warnau, M., Temara, A., Ameye, L., & Jangoux, M,. 1998. The excretory function of the posterior most part of the echinoid and holothuroid gut (Echinodermata). Comparative Biochemistry Physiology A. 120A(4): 687-691.

Warner, GF., 1979. Aggregation in echinoderms. Pp. 375-396. In: SYSTEMATICS ASSOCIATION SPECIAL VOLUME NO. 11. BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF COLONIAL ORGANISMS. (Larwood, G.,, & Rosen, BR., eds.). Acadewmic Press, New York.

Wass, ML., 1968. A new pinnixid commensal with a holothurian (Crustacea: Decapoda). Tulane Studies Zoology. 14: 137-139.

Webb, KL., DuPaul, WD., & D'Elia, CF., 1977. Biomass and nutrient flux measurements on Holothuria atra populations on windward reef flats at Enewetak, Marshall Islands. Proceedings International Coral Reef Symposium. 3(1): 409-415.

Wells, HW., & Wells, MJ., 1961. Observations on Pinnaxodes floridensis, a new species of pinnotherid crustacean commensal in holothurians. Bulletin Marine Science. 11: 267-279.

Westblad, E., 1930. Anoplodiera voluta und Wahlia macrostylifera, zwei neue parasitische Turbellarien aus Stichopus tremulus. Zeitschrift Morphologie Oekologie Tiere. 19: 397-426.

Westblad, E., 1953. New Turbellaria parasites in Echinoderms. Arkiv Zoologi. 5: 269-288.

Whitelegge, T., 1897. On Stichopus mollis, Hutton. Records Australian Museum. 3: 50.

Wiedemeyer, WL., 1992. A basic study on the morphology, physiology and the behavioural ecology of small juveniles of the holothuria species Actinopyga echinites (Jäger, 1833) with respect to stock enhancement of tropical holothurians. MSc. Thesis, University of Ryukyus, Japan

Wiedmeyer, WL., 1993. Feeding behaviour of two tropical holothurians Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra (Jager 1833) and H. (Halodeima) atra (Jäger, 1833), from Okinawa, Japan. Pp. 853-860. In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CORAL REEF SYMPOSIUM GUAM 22-26 JUNE 1992 VOLUME 2. (Richmond RH., ed.). University of Guam Press.

Wiedemeyer, WL., 1994. Biology of small juveniles of the tropical holothurian Actinopyga echinites: growth, mortality, and habitat preferences. Marine Biology. 120(1): 81-93.

Wigham, BD., Hudson, IR., Billett, DSM., & Wolff, GA., 2003. Is long-term change in the abyssal Northeast Atlantic driven by qualitative changes in export flux? Evidence from selective feeding in deep-sea holothurians. Progress Oceanography. 59(4): 409-441.

Wigham, BD., Tyle,r PA., & Billett, DSM., 2003. Reproductive biology of the abyssal holothurian Amperima rosea: an opportunistic response to variable flux of surface derived organic matter? Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 83(1): 175-188.

Wilhelmi, H., 1920. Zur Analyse der Entwicklungskorrelationen bei der Skeletbildung der fusslosen Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbücher. 37: 493-548.

Williams, P., 1988. Melanellids and sea cucumbers. Shells & Sea Life. 20(1): 4.

Williams, R., 1972. The abundance and biomass of the interstitial fauna of a graded series of shell-gravels in relation to the available space. Journal Animal Ecology. 41(3): 623-646.

Wirtz, P., 1998. Caprellid (Crustacea) - holothurian (Echinodermata) associations in the Azores Arquipelago. Boletim Universidade Açores Ciências Biologicas Marinhas. 16A: 53-55.

Witbaard, R., Duineveld, GCA., Kok, A., van der Weele, J., & Berghuis, EM., 2001. The response of Oneirophanta mutabilis (Holothuroidea) to the seasonal deposition of phytopigments at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the Northeast Atlantic. Progress Oceanography. 50(1-4): 423-441.

Wolff, T., 1970. The concept of the hadal or ultra-abyssal fauna. Deep-Sea Research. 17: 983-1003.

Woodby, DA., & Larson, RC., 1996. Response of sea cucumber populations to a conservative harvest strategy in southeast Alaska, USA. Pp. 537. In: ECHINODERMS: SAN FRANCISCO. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL ECHINODERM CONFERENCE, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, USA, 5-9 AUGUST 1996. (Mooi, R., & Telford, M., eds.). Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 923 pps.

Woodby, D., Smiley, S., & Larson, R., 2000. Depth and habitat distribution of Parastichopus californicus near Sitka, Alaska. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin. 7: 22-32.

Woodcock HM. 1904. On Cystobia irregularis (Minchin) and allied neogamous gregarines. (Preliminary note.). Archives Zoologie Expérimentale Général. 2 (notes et revues): 125-128.

Woodcock HM. 1906. On Cystobia irregularis (Minchin) together with observations on other neogamous gregarines. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science. 50: 1-100.

Woodin, SA., Walla, MD., & Lincoln, DE., 1987. Occurrence of brominated compounds in soft-bottom benthic organisms. Journal Experimental Marine Biology Ecology. 107(3): 209-217.

Woodland WNF. 1906. Studies in spicule formation. IV. The scleroblastic development of the spicules in Cucumariidae; with a note relating to the plate-and-anchor spicules of Synapta inhaerens. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science. 49: 533-559

Woodland, W., 1907. Studies in Spicule Formation. V. The Scleroblastic Development of the Spicules in Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea, and in the genera Antedon and Synapta. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science. 51:(31-100).

Woodland, W., 1907. Studies in Spicule Formation. VII. The Scleroblastic Development of the Plate-and-Anchor Spicules of Synapta, and of the Wheel Spicules of the Auricularia Larva. Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science. 51: 483-509.

Wooton, D., 1949. The development of Thyonepsolus nutriens Clark. PhD. Dissertation. Stanford University.