Bibliography of Biological Literature: T

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Tanikawa, E., & Yoshitani, S., 1955. Studies on the nutritive value of the meat of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. III. Comparison of the chemical components in the meat of the sea cucumber with meat from other marine animals. Bulletin Faculty Fish Hokkaido University. 5: 346-347.

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Tao, L., 1928. Preliminary observations on the chemical effects upon the lengthening of Caudina muscle. Science Report Tohoku University. 3: 417-429.

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Tao, L., 1930. Notes on the Ecology and the Physiology of Caudina chilensis (Muller), in Mutsu-Bay. Proceedings of the 4th Pacific Science Congress Batavia-Bandoeng. 3: 7-11.

Tehranifard, A., Uryan, S., Vosoghi, G., Fatemy, SM., & Nikoyan, A., 2006. Reproductive cycle of Stichopus hermanni from Kish Island, Iran. SPC Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin. 24: 22-27.

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Terwilliger, RC., & Read, KR., 1970. The hemoglobins of the holothurian echinoderms, Cucumaria miniata Brandt, Cucumaria piperata Stimpson and Molpadia intermedia Ludwig. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. 36: 339-351.

Terwilliger, RC., & Read, KRH., 1972. The hemoglobin of the holothurian echinoderm, Molpadia oolitica Pourtalès. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology B. 42(1): 65-72.

Terwilliger, RC., & Terwilliger, NB., 1988. Structure and function of holothurian hemoglobins. Pp. 589-595. In: ECHINODERM BIOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL ECHINODERM CONFERENCE, VICTORIA, 23-28 AUGUST 1987. (Burke, RD., Mladenov, PV., Lambert, P., & Parsley, RL., eds.). Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 818 pps.

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Théel, H., 1901. On a singular case of Hermaphrodism in Holothurids. Bihang Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. 27 (No.6): 38 pps.

Théel, H., 1921. On amoebocytes and other coelomic corpuscles in the perivisceral cavity of echinoderms. Arkiv Zoologie. 13: 1-40.

Thompson, CW., 1878. Notice of some peculiarities in the mode of propagation of certain echinoderms of the Southern Sea. Journal Linnean Society, London. 13: 55-79.

Thorson, G., 1946. Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates, with special reference to the planktonie larvae in the Sound (Oresund). Meddelelser Kommissionen Danmarks Fiskeri Havundersøgelser, Serie: Plankton. 4(1): 523 pps. Kjobenhavn.

Thorson, G., 1950. Reproductive and larval ecology of marine bottom invertebrates. Biological Review. 25: 1-45.

Thurmond, FA., & Trotter, JA., 1996. Morphology and biomechanics of the microfibrillar network of sea cucumber dermis. Journal Experimental Biology. 199(8): 1817-1828.

Thurmond, FA., Trotter, JA., Koob, TJ., & Bowness, JM., 1996 Microfibrils from sea cucumber dermis belong to the fibrillin family, and their long-range elasticity is a crucial component of mutable collagenous tissues. Pp. 528. In: ECHINODERMS: SAN FRANCISCO. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL ECHINODERM CONFERENCE, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, USA, 5-9 AUGUST 1996. (Mooi, R., & Telford, M., eds.) Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 923 pps.

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Thurston, E., 1894. Rameswaram Island and fauna of the Gulf of Mannar. Madras Madras Government Museum Science Series. 1894 No. 1: 78-138.

Thurston, E., 1887. Preliminary report on the marine fauna of Rameswaram and neighbouring Islands. Madras Government Museum Science Series. 1887 No. 11: 41 pps.

Thurston, MH., Billett, DSM., & Hassack, E., 1987. An association between Exspina typica Lang (Tanaidacea) and deep-sea holothurians. Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 67(1): 11-15.

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Tikader, BK., & Das, AK., 1985. Glimpses of animal life in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey India. 170 pps.

Tikader, BK., Daniel, A., & Subba Rao, NV., 1986. Seashore animals of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey India. 188 pps.

Tilney, LG., Bonder, EM., Coluccio, LM., & Mooseker, MS., 1983. Actin from Thyone sperm assembles on only one end of an actin filament: a behavior regulated by profilin. Journal Cell Biology. 97(1): 112-124.

Tilney, LG., Hatano, S., Ishikawa, H., & Mooseker, MS., 1973. The polymerization of actin: its role in the generation of the acrosomal process of certain echinoderm sperm. Journal Cell Biology. 59(1): 109-126.

Tilney, LG, & Inoué, S., 1982. Acrosomal reaction of Thyone sperm. 2. The kinetics and possible mechanism of acrosomal process elongation. Journal Cell Biology. 93(3): 820-827.

Tilney, LG., & Inoué, S,. 1985. Acrosomal reaction of the Thyone sperm. 3. The relationship between actin assembly and water influx during the extension of the acrosomal process. Journal Cell Biology. 100(4): 1273-1283.

Tilney, LG., & Inoué, S., 1987. Flagellar gyration and midpiece rotation during extension of the acrosomal process of Thyone sperm: how and why this occurs. Journal Cell Biology. 104(3): 407-415.

Tilney, LG., Kiehart, DP., Sardet, C., & Tilney, M., 1978. Polymerization of actin. IV. The role of Ca++ and H+ in the assembly of actin and in membrane fusion in the acrosomal reaction of echinoderm sperm. Journal Cell Biology. 97: 536-550.

Todd, CD., & Doyle, RW., 1981. Reproductive strategies of marine benthic invertebrates: a settlement-timing hypothesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 4: 75-83.

Tokin, IB., 1978. Role of microtubules of epithelial cells in echinoderm digestive systems. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 242(1): 215-217.

Tokioka, T., 1969. A creeping ctenophore found on the sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt). Publications Seto Marine Biology Lab. 17: 279-283.

Tokioka, T., & Nishikawa, T,. 1977. Record of an ascidian found attached to a holothurian, Pseudostichopus sp. Publications Seto Marine Biology Lab. 23(1-3): 23-26.

Tokuhisa, M., 1915. On Stichopus japonicus in Nanao Bay. Suisan Kenkyushi. 10: 33-37.

Topsent, E., 1889. Differenciation remarquable d'un Tube Genital Male de Cucumaria pentactes, L. Bulletin Société Linnéenne, Normandie. 4(2): 112-114.

Toral-Granda, MV., 2005. Requiem for the Galápagos sea cucumber fishery? SPC Bêche-de-Mer Information Bulletin. 21: 5-8.

Toral-Granda, MV., 2005. The use of calcareous spicules for the identification of the Galapagos sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus on the international market. SPC Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin. 22: 3-5.

Toral-Granda, MV. & Martinez, PC., 2004. Population density and fishery impacts on the sea cucumber (Stichopus fuscus) in the Galapagos Islands. Pp.91-100. In: ADVANCES IN SEA CUCUMBER AQUACULTURE AND MANAGEMENT. (Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S. Uthicke, S., Hamel, JF., & Mercier, A., eds.). FAO, Fisheries Technical Paper 463. Rome.425 pps.

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Toumanoff, K., 1926. Sur la nature des pigments des gonades de quelques Holothuries. Pubblicazioni Stazione Zoologica Napoli. 7: 479-485.

Tracey, DJ., 1972. Evisceration and regeneration in Thyone okeni (Bell, 1884). Proceedings Linnean Society New South Wales. 97(1): 72-81.

Trefz, SM., 1956. Observations on the anatomy, both macroscopical and microscopical, of the intestinal tract and of accompanying organs, and on the physiology of digestion in Holothuria atra Jager, with additional observations on the ecology of Holothurians and their possible role in the destruction of Coral Reefs. Office Naval Research Project NR 165-264: 80 pps.

Trefz, SM., 1958. The physiology of digestion of Holothuria atra Jäger, with special reference to its role in the ecology of coral reefs. PhD Dissertation University of Hawaii. 149 pps.

Treuheit, H., 1977. Eine "Gurke" furs Seewasseraquarium: Cucumaria tricolor. Aquarien Magazin. 11(10): 424-425.

Trianni, MS., 2002. Evaluation of the resource following the sea cucumber fishery of Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands. Pp 829-834. In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CORAL REEF SYMPOSIUM, BALI, 23-27 OCTOBER 2000 VOLUME 2. (Moosa, MK., Soemodihardjo, S., Soegiarto, A., Romimohtarto, K., Soekarno, X., & Suharsono, Y., eds.). Ministry of Environment, Indonesian Institute of Sciences & International Society for Reef Studies. 1279 pps.

Trianni, MS., & Bryan, PG., 2004. Survey and estimates of commercially viable populations of the sea cucumber Actinopyga mauritiana (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), on Tinian Island, Commonwealth of the northern Mariana Islands. Pacific Science. 58(1): 91-98.

Trott, LB., 1970. Lissocarcinus orbicularis Dana (Portunidae, Caphyrinae), commensal with Holothuria argus Jäger - a new host record: cohabitation with the pearl-fish, Carapus homei (Richardson). Crustaceana. 19: 320-321.

Trotter, JA., & Chino, K., 1997. Regulation of cell-dependent viscosity in the dermis of the sea cucumber Actinopyga agassizi. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology A. 118A(3): 805-811.

Trotter, JA., & Koob, TJ., 1990. Association of proteoglycan with collagen fibrils in the body wall of the sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa). Bulletin Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. 29: 28-29.

Trotter, JA., & Koob, TJ., 1992. Calcium and magnesium binding in the body wall of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Bulletin Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. 31: 16-17.

Trotter, JA., & Koob, TJ., 1994. Evidence that Ca2+-modulation of the stiffness of Cucumaria frondosa dermis is a result of Ca2+-dependent cellular processes. Bulletin Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. 33: 2-4.

Trotter, JA., & Koob, TJ., 1995. Bending tests on Cucumaria frondosa dermis show that extracellular Ca2+ affects cellular control of tissue viscosity, and that cell lysis produces a soluble stiffening factor. Bulletin Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. 34: 6-9.

Trotter, JA., & Koob, TJ., 1995. Evidence that calcium-dependent cellular processes are involved in the stiffening response of holothurian dermis and that dermal cells contain an organic stiffening factor. Journal Experimental Biology. 198(9): 1951-1961.

Trotter, JA., Lyons-Levy, G., Luna, D., Chino, K., Koob-Emunds, MM., & Koob, TJ., 1998. Non-collagenous proteins modulate the stiffness of sea cucumber dermis in vivo and interactions between isolated collagen fibrils in vitro. Pp. 529. In: ECHINODERMS: SAN FRANCISCO. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL ECHINODERM CONFERENCE, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, USA, 5-9 AUGUST 1996. (Mooi, R., & Telford, M., eds.). Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 923 pps.

Trotter, JA., Lyons-Levy, G., Thurmond, FA., & Koob, TJ., 1995. Covalent composition of collagen fibrils from the dermis of the sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, a tissue with mutable mechanical properties. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology A. 112A(3-4): 463-478.

Trotter, JA., Salgado, JP., & Koob, TJ., 1997. Mineral content and salt-dependent viscosity in the dermis of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology A. 116A(4): 329-335.

Trotter JA, Thurmond, FA., & Koob, TJ., 1994. Molecular structure and functional morphology of echinoderm collagen fibrils. Cell & Tissue Research. 275(3): 451-458.

Trotter, JA., Tipper J, Lyons-Levy G, Chino K, Heuer AH, Liu Z, Mrksich M, Hodneland C, Dillmore WS, Koob TJ, Koob-Emunds MM, Kadler K, Holmes D. 2000. Towards a fibrous composite with dynamically controlled stiffness: lessons from echinoderms. Biochemical Society Transactions. 28(4):357-362.

Tsuchiya, T., 1985. The maximum shortening velocity of holothurian muscle and effects of tonicity change on it. Journal Experimental Biology. 119: 31-40.

Tsukurov, IA., 1989. Studying the impact of ecological factors on the formation of Stichopus japonicus density field in Peter the Great Gulf with underwater observations. Pp. 83-94. In: PODVODNYE ISSLEDOVANIYA V BIOOKEANOLOGICHESKIKH I RYBOKHOZIAISTVENNYKH TSELYAKH (Gershanovich, DE., ed.). Sbornik Nauchnykh Trudov VNIRO - Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii.

Tsushima, M., Ito, S., Kawahara, I., & Matsuno, T., 1995. Metabolism of carotenoids in cultured sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus fed frozen sea weed. Suisan Zoshoku. 43(2): 229-235.

Tsushsima, M., Fujiwara, Y., & Matsuno, T., 1996. Novel marine di-Z-carotenoids: cucumariaxanthins A, B and C from the sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica. Journal Natural Products. 59(1): 30-34.

Turner, RL., & Rutherford, JC., 1976. Organic, inorganic and caloric composition of eggs, pentaculae, and adults of the brooding sea cucumber Cucumaria curata Cowles (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Journal Experimental Marine Biology Ecology. 24(1): 49-60.

Tuwo, A., 2004. Status of sea cucumber fisheries and farming in Indonesia. Pp. 49-56. In: ADVANCES IN SEA CUCUMBER AQUACULTURE AND MANAGEMENT. (Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, JF., Mercier, A., eds.). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 463. 425pps.

Tuwo, A., & Conand, C., 1992. Reproductive biology of the holothurian Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata). Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 72(4): 745-758.

Tuwo, A., & Conand, C., 1994. Fecondite de trois holothuries temperees a developpement pelagique. Pp. 561-568. In: ECHINODERMS THROUGH TIME PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL ECHINODERM CONFERENCE, DIJON, FRANCE, 6-10 SEPTEMBER 1993. (David, B., Guille, A., Féral, JP., & Roux, M., eds.). Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 590 pps.

Tyler, PA., & Billett, DSM., 1987. The reproductive ecology of the elasipodid holothurians from the N.E. Atlantic. Biological Oceanography. 5(4): 273-296.

Tyler, PA., Billett, DSM., & Gage, JD., 1987. The ecology and reproductive biology of Cherbonniera utriculus and Molpadia blakei from the N.E. Atlantic. Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 67(2): 385-397.

Tyler, PA., Eckelberger, K., & Billett, DSM., 1994. Reproduction in Bathyplotes natans (Holothurioidea: Synallactidae) from bathyal depths in the north-east and western Atlantic. Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 74(2): 383-402.

Tyler, PA., & Gage, JD., 1983. The reproductive biology of Ypsilothuria talismani (Holothurioidea: Dendrochirota) from the N.E. Atlantic. Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 63(3): 609-616.

Tyler, PA., Gage, JD., & Billett, DSM. ,1985. Life-history biology of Peniagone azorica and Peniagone diaphana (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the north-east Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biology. 89(1): 71-81.

Tyler, PA., Grant, A., Pain, SL., & Gage, JD., 1982. Is annual reproduction in deep-sea echinoderms a response to variability in their environment? Nature, London. 300: 747-750.

Tyler, PA., Muirhead, A., Billett, DSM., & Gage, JD., 1985. Reproductive biology of the deep-sea holothurians Laetmogone violacea and Benthogone rosea (Elasipoda: Holothurioidea). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 23(3): 269-277.

Tyler, PA., Muirhead, A., Gage, JD., & Billett, DSM., 1985. Gametogenic strategies in deep-sea echinoids and holothurians from the N.E. Atlantic. Pp.135-140. In: ECHINODERMATA: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL ECHINODERM CONFERENCE GALWAY 24-29 SEPTEMBER, 1984. Keegan, BF., & O’Conner, BDS., eds.). Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 662 pps.

Tyler, PA., Young, CM., Billett, DSM., & Giles, LA., 1992. Pairing behaviour, reproduction and diet in the deep-sea holothurian genus Paroriza (Holothurioidea: Synallactidae). Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 72(2): 447-462.

Tyurin, SA., & Drozdov, AL., 2002. Spermatozoon Ultrastructure of Two Holothurian Species of the Genus Cucumaria (Dendrochirotida: Holothuroidea) from the Sea of Japan. Russian Journal Marine Biology. 28(1): 61-64