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Pre-Linnaeus

Systematics literature

Biology literature

Cultural references

Bibliography of Biological Literature: C

Cabioch, L., 1965. Notes sur la faune marine benthique de Roscoff. Echinodermes. Cahiers Biologie Marine. 6: 265-268.

Cabioch, L., Grainger, JNR., Keegan, BF., & Konnecker, G., 1978. Balcis alba (da Costa) - a temporary ectoparasite on Neopentadactyla mixta Östergren. Pp. 237-241.In: PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR OF MARINE ORGANISMS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE BIOLOGY STIRLING, SCOTLAND, SEPTEMBER 1977. (McLusky, DS. & Berry, AJ. eds.). Pergamon Press, Oxford. 388 pps.

Cabrera-Serrano, A., & García-Arrarás, JE., 2004. RGD-containing peptides inhibit intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Developmental Dynamics. 231: 171-178.

Cakli S., Cadun, A., Kisla, D., & Dincer. T., 2004. Determination of quality characteristics of Holothuria tubulosa, (Gmelin, 1788) in Turkish Sea (Aegean Region) depending on sun drying process step used in Turkey. Journal Aquatic Food Product Technology. 13(3):69-78.

Calacino, JM., 1973. A mathematical model of oxygen transport in the tube foot ampullar system of the sea cucumber Thyone briareus. PhD Dissertation. State University of New York, Buffalo.

Cameron, JL., 1988. Reproduction, development, processes of feeding and notes on the early life history of the commercial sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson). Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 48: 3221-3222.

Cameron, JL. & Fankboner, P. V. 1984. Tentacle structure and feeding processes in life stages of the commercial sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson). Journal Experimental Marine Biology Ecology. 81: 193-209.

Cameron, JL., & Fankboner, PV., 1986. Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). 1. Reproductive periodicity and spawning behaviour. Canadian Journal Zoology. 64: 168-175.

Cameron, JL., & Frankboner, PV., 1989. Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson)(Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). II. Observations on the ecology of development, recruitment, and the juvenile life stage. Journal Experimental Marine Biology Ecology. 127:43-67.

Campagna, S., Lambert, J., & Archambault, P., 2005. Abundance and distribution of the sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) and accidental bycatches between Matane and Cape Gaspe (Quebec) in 2004. Canadian Technical Report Fisheries Aquatic Sciences. No. 2620. 61 pps.

Candelaria, AG., Murray, G., File, SK., & García-Arrarás, JE., 2006. Contribution of mesenterial muscle dedifferentiation to intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Cell & Tissue Research. 325: 55-65.

Canicattì, C., 1987. Membrane damage by coelomic fluid from Holothuria polii (Echinodermata). Experientia. 43: 611-614.

Canicattì, C., 1988. The lytic system of Holothuria polii (Echinodermata): a review. Bollettino Zoologia. 55: 139-144.

Canicattì, C., 1988. Arylsulfatase in coelomocytes of Holothuria polii. Experientia. 44: 1011-1013.

Canicattì, C., 1989. Humoral and cellular defence mechanisms in the holothuroid Holothuria polii, Delle Chiaje. Vie Marine Hors Série. 10: 70-77.

Canicattì, C., 1990. Distribution d'une activite lysozymiale dans un echinoderme holothuroide, Holothuria polii, et dans les oeufs et les larves d'un echinoderme echinoide, Paracentrotus lividus. European Archives Biology. 101: 309-318.

Canicattì, C., 1990. Lysosomal enzyme pattern in Holothuria polii coelomocytes. Journal Invertebrate Pathology. 56: 70-74.

Canicattì, C., 1990. Protease activity in Holothuria polii coelomic fluid and coelomocyte lysate. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology B. 95: 145-148.

Canicattì, C., 1993. Biology of Holothuria polii coelomocytes. Animal Biology. 2: 51-60.

Canicattì, C., & D’Ancona, G., 1989. Cellular aspects of Holothuria polii immune response. Journal Invertebrate Pathology. 53: 152-158.

Canicattì, C., D’Ancona, G., & Farina-Lipari, E., 1989. Dynamic and morphological aspects of coelomocyte clotting in Holothuria polii. Bollettino Zoologia. 56: 29-36.

Canicattì, C., d'Ancona, G., & Farina-Lipari, E., 1989. The Holothuria polii brown bodies. Bollettino Zoologia. 56: 275-283.

Canicattì, C., d'Ancona, G., & Farina-Lipari, E., 1989. The coelomocytes of Holothuria polii (Echinodermata). 1. Light and electron microscopy. Bollettino Zoologia. 56: 29-36.

Canicattì, C., & Ciulla, D., 1987. Studies on Holothuria polii (Echinodermata) coelomocyte lysate. 1. Hemolytic activity of coelomocyte hemolysins. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 11: 705-712.

Canicattì, C., & Ciulla, D., 1988. Studies on Holothuria polii (Echinodermata) coelomocyte lysate. 2: Isolation of coelomocyte hemolysins. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 12: 55-64.

Canicattì, C., Ciulla, D., & Farina-Lipari, E., 1988. The hemolysin-producer coelomocytes in Holothuria polii. Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 12: 729-736.

Canicattì, C., & Farina-Lipari, E., 1990. Dynamic and morphological aspects of coelomocyte clotting in Holothuria polii. Journal Invertebrate Pathology. 56: 63-69.

Canicattì, C., & Gotz, P., 1991. DOPA oxidation by Holothuria polii coelomocyte lysate. Journal Invertebrate Pathology. 58: 305-310.

Canicattì, C., & Grasso, M., 1988. Biodepressive effect of zinc on humoral effector of the Holothuria polii immune response. Marine Biology. 99: 393-396.

Canicattì, C., Jans, D., & Jangoux, M., 1990. Enrichment in different categories of Holothuria polii coelomocytes by centrifugation on Na-metrizoate gradient. Bollettino Zoologia. 57: 267-270.

Canicattì, C., Miglietta, A., 1989. Arylsulphatase in echinoderm immunocompetent cells. Histochemical Journal. 21, 419-424.

Canicattì, C., Miglietta, A., & Cooper, EL., 1989. In vitro release of biological active molecules during the clotting reaction in Holothuria polii. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology A. 94: 483-488.

Canicattì, C., & Parrinello, N., 1983. Chromatographic separation of coelomic fluid from Holothuria polii (Echinodermata) and partial characterization of the fractions reacting with erythrocytes. Experientia. 39: 764-766.

Canicattì, C., & Parrinello, N., 1985. Hemagglutinin and hemolysin levels in the coelomic fluid from Holothuria polii (Echinodermata) following sheep erythrocyte injection. Biological Bulletin. 168: 175-182.

Canicattì, C., Parrinello, N., & Arizza, V., 1987. Inhibitory activity of sphingomyelin on hemolytic activity of coelomic third of Holothuria polii (Echinodermata). Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 11: 29-35.

Canicattì, C., & Quaglia, A., 1991. Ultrastructure of Holothuria polii encapsulating body. Journal Zoology. 224: 419-429.

Canicattì, C., & Rizzo, A., 1991. A 220 kDa coelomocyte aggregating factor involved in Holothuria polii cellular clotting. European Journal Cell Biology. 56: 79-83.

Canicattì, C., Rizzo, A., & Montinari, MR., 1992. Adhesive properties of sea cucumber coelomocytes. Biology Cell. 76: 97-102.

Canicattì, C., & Roch, P., 1989. Studies on Holothuria polii (Echinodermata) antibacterial proteins. 1. Evidence for and activity of a coelomocyte lysozyme. Experientia. 45: 756-759.

Canicattì, C., Roch, P., Stabili, L., & Pagliara, P., 1991. Protease inhibitor in Holothuria polii coelomic fluid. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology B. 98: 593-596.

Canicattì, C., & Rossigno, F., 1992. Cellular reactions mimicking encapsulation in Holothuria polii (Echinodermata). European Archives Biology. 103: 51-55.

Canicattì, C., & Seymour, J., 1991. Evidence for phenoloxidase activity in Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) brown bodies and cells. Parasitology Research. 77: 50-53.

Canicattì, C., & Tschopp, J., 1990. Holozyme A: one of the serine proteases of Holothuria polii coelomocytes. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology B. 96: 739-742.

Cannon, LRG., 1982. Endosymbiotic umagillids (Turbellaria) from holothurians of the Great Barrier Reef. Zoologica Scripta. 11: 173-188.

Cannon, LRG., 1987. Two new rhabdocoel turbellarians, Umagilla pacifica, sp. n. and U. karlingi sp. n. (Umagillidae), endosymbiotic with holothurians (Echinodermata) from the Great Barrier Reef; and a discussion of sclerotic structures in the female system of the Umagillidae. Zoologica Scripta. 16: 297-303.

Cannon, LRG., 1990. Anoplodium (Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes) endosymbionts of sea cucumbers from Australia and New Zealand. Zoologica Scripta. 19: 395-402.

Cannon, LRG., & Silver, H., 1987. SEA CUCUMBERS OF NORTHERN AUSTRALIA. Queensland Museum. Poly-Graphics Pty. Ltd., Brisbane. 60 pps.

Cannon, LRG., Silver, H., & Estep, KE., 1994. SEA CUCUMBERS OF NORTHERN AUSTRALIA. CD-ROM edition, Springer Verlag.

Cao Phuong, D., & Luu Thi, H., 1993. Some experiments on the saponin activities of holothurian species to developing of the sea urchins' embryo. Tap Chi Sinh Hoc. [Journal of Biology, Hanoi]. 15: 35-38, 48.

Caprile, L., 1913. Sulla struttura della zona pellucida in Phyllophorus urna (Grube) e sul suo significato fisiologico. Atti Accademia Gioenia Catania. Series 5. 6: Unpaginated.

Carballeira, NM., Cruz, C., & Sostre, A., 1996. Identification of the novel 7-methyl-6-octadecenoic acid in Holothuria mexicana. Journal Natural Products. 59: 1076-1078.

Carson, WM., 1981. X-ray crystallographic studies of monomeric and dimeric hemoglobins from the sea cucumber Molpadia arenicola. Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 41: 2584.

Caruso, G., Zaccone, R., & Crisafi, E., 1990. Primi dati sulla flora batterica associata al fluido celomatico e all'intestino di esemplari di Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje). Memorie Biologia Marina Oceanografia. 18: 39-53.

Casas, MT., Mura, CV., Subirana, JA., & Cornudella, L., 1989. Purification and immunocytolocalization of protein ? from sperm cells of the echinoderm Holothuria tubulosa. Experimental Cell Research. 182: 14-25.

Casellato, S., Masiero, L., & Soresi, S., 2006. A report of albinism in Ocnus planci (Brandt, 1835) (Echinodermata, Holothurioidea) in the rocky outcrops of northern Adriatic. Biologia Marina Mediterranea. 13: 1059-1062.

Caso, ME., 1966. Contribucion al estudio de los holoturoideos de México. Morfologia interna y ecologia de Stichopus fuscus Ludwig. Anales Instuto Biológia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma México. 37: 175-181.

Caso, ME., 1968. Contribucion al estudio de los holoturoideos de México. Un caso de parasitismo de Balcis intermedia (Cantraine) sobre Holothuria glaberrima Selenka. Anales Instuto Biológia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma México. Serie Ciencias Mar Limnologia. 39: 31-39.

Caso, ME., 1972. El aspecto economico de las holoturias o pepinos de mar en la alimentation humana: El trepang. Revista Sociedad México Historia Natural. 33: 85-98.

Caso, ME., 1972. Contribucion al estudio de los holoturoideos de México. Morfologia externa e interna y ecologia de Holothuria grisea Selenka. Anales Instuto Biológia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma México. Serie Ciencias Mar Limnologia. 42: 31-40.

Caso, ME., Laguarda-Figueras, A., Solís-Marín, FA., Ortega-Salas, A., & Durán-González, AL., 1994. Contribución al conocimiento de la ecología de las comunidades de equinodermos de la Laguna de Términos, Campeche, México. Anales Instituto Ciencias Mar Limnología. Universidad Nacional Autonoma México. 21: 67-85.

Castro, LRS., 1998. Review of recent developments in the Baja California, Mexico Isostichopus fuscus, Holothuria impatiens, and Parastichopus parvimensis fisheries. Pp. 448. In: ECHINODERMS: SAN FRANCISCO. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL ECHINODERM CONFERENCE, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, USA, 5-9 AUGUST 1996. (Mooi, R., & Telford, M., eds.) Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 923 pps.

Catalan, MAB., & Yamamoto, M., 1994. Annual reproductive cycle of the Japanese holothurian Eupentacta chronhjelmi. Canadian Journal Zoology. 72: 387-396.

Cavaliere, A., 1972. Fauna e flora dei laghi di Faro e Ganzirri. 3. Osservazioni bio-ecologiche sugli echinodermi del lago di Faro (Messina). Bollettino Pesca, Piscicoltura Idrobiologia. 26: 237-242.

Cavey, MJ., 2006. Organization of the coelomic lining and a juxtaposed nerve plexus in the suckered tube feet of Parastichopus californicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroida). Journal Morphology. 267: 41-49.

Cedeno, FG., 1971. Identificacion de acidos grasos en holoturoideos por cromatografia de gas. Boletin Instituto Oceanografico Universidad Oriente, Cumana. 10: 9-14.

Cesar H., Pet-Soede L., Westmacott S., & Mangi S., 2002. Economic analysis of coral bleaching in the Indian ocean – Phase II. Pp. 251–262. In: CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIAN OCEAN, STATUS REPORT, 2002. (Lindén, O., Souter, D., Wilhemsson, D., & Obura, D., eds.). CORDIO, Kalmar.

Chaffee, C., 1982. Birth by the viviparous holothuroid Pachythyone rubra (Clark, 1901). Pp. 465-466. In: ECHINODERMS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, TAMPA BAY. (Lawrence, JM., ed.). Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 529 pps.

Chaffee, C., 1987. The relationship between size, shape, fecundity and parental care in marine invertebrates. PhD. Dissertation. Department Biology, University Californiua, Santa Cruz.

Chamberlain, CK., 1971. Morphology and ethology of trace fossils from the Ouachita Mountains, southeast Oklahoma. Journal Paleontology. 45: 212-246.

Chambers, MR., 1989. Bêche-de-mer. Pp. 86-91. In: THE MARINE RESOURCES OF VANUATU. (Done, T., & Navin, KF., eds.). Australian Institute Marine Sciences, Townsville.

Chandrasekhara Rao, G., 1973. Occurrence of some juvenile stages referable to the apodous holothurian Patinapta ooplax (Marenzeller) in the intertidal sands of Andaman Islands. Proceedings Indian Academy Science. (B) 77: 225-233.

Chang, DS., Pyuen, JH., Kim, HR., & Cho, HR., 1986. Purification and characterization of proteolytic enzymes isolated from marine animals. Bulletin National Fisheries University Pusan, Natural Sciences. 26: 123-139.

Chang, FY., & Wu, BL., 1958. Studies of the development and larval forms of Stichopus japonica Selenka. Annals Zoology China. 2: 65-73.

Chang, Y., Yu, C., & Song, X., 2004. Pond culture of sea cucumbers, Apostichopus japonicus, in Dalian. Pp. 269-272. In: ADVANCES IN SEA CUCUMBER AQUACULTURE AND MANAGEMENT. (Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, JF., Mercier, A., eds.). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 463. 425pps.

Chang, ZY., 2003. Factors of influence on growth and survival of Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Modern Fisheries Information. 18(5): 24-25.

Chang, ZY., Yi, JL., & Mu, KQ., 2003. Factors of influence on growth and survival of Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Modern Fisheries Information. 18: 24-25.

Changeaux, JP., 1961. Contribution à l’étude des animaux associés aux holothuridés. Actualitiés Scientifique de l’Industrie. No. 1284. Vie Milieu. Suppl. No. 101. 124 pps.

Chang-Lee, MV., Price, RJ., & Lampila, LE., 1989. Effect of processing on proximate composition and mineral content of sea cucumbers (Parastichopus spp.). Journal Food Science. 54(3):567-568, 572.

Chanley, JD., & Rossi, C., 1969. The holothurinogenins. II. Tetrahedron. 25: 1987-1909.

Chanley, JD., & Rossi, C., 1969. The neo-holothurinogenins. III. Tetrahedron. 25: 1911-1920.

Chao, SM., 1993. Reproductive biology of sea cucumbers in southern Taiwan (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). PhD. Dissertation. Tunghai University, Taiwan

Chao, SM., Chen, CP., & Alexander, PS. 1993. Reproductive periodicity of a tropical dendrochirote holothurian, Phyrella fragilis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Taiwan. Bulletin Institute Zoology, Academia Sinica. 32: 111-119

Chao, SM., Chen, CP., & Alexander, PS., 1993. Fission and its effect on population structure of Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Taiwan. Marine Biology. 116: 109-115.

Chao, SM., Chen, CP., & Alexander, PS., 1994. Reproduction and growth of Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) at two contrasting sites in southern Taiwan. Marine Biology. 119: 565-570.

Chao, SM., Chen, CP., & Alexander, PS., 1995. Reproductive cycles of tropical sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in southern Taiwan. Marine Biology. 122: 289-295.

Chari, ST., 1964. The Indian bêche-de-mer industry. Indian Seafoods. 1(14): 11- 13.

Chatton, E., 1909. Une ascidie fixee dans la peau d'Holothuria tubulosa Gm. Bulletin Société Zoologique, France. 34 25-27.

Chekareva, NV., Smirnova, GP., & Kochetkov, NK., 1991. Gangliosides of the holothurian Cucumaria japonica Semper. Bioorganicheskaya Khimiya. 17: 398-402.

Chen, CJ., 1983. A Study of the Longitudinal Body Wall Muscle of the Sea Cucumber Sclerodactyla briareus. PhD Dissertation. University of Rhode Island, Providence.

Chen, CP., & Chian, CS., 1990. Larval development of the sea cucumber, Actinopyga echinites (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Bulletin Institute Zoology Academia Sinica. 29: 127-133.

Chen, CP., Hsu, HW., & Deng, DC., 1991. Comparison of larval development and growth of the sea cucumber Actinopyga echinites: ovary-induced ova and DTT-induced ova. Marine Biology. 109: 453-457.

Chen, CP., Tseng, CH., & Chen, BY., 1995. The development of the catecholaminergic nervous system in starfish and sea cucumber larvae. Zoological Studies. 34: 248-256.

Chen, J., 2004. Present status and prospects of sea cucumber industry in China. Pp 25-38. In: ADVANCES IN SEA CUCUMBER AQUACULTURE AND MANAGEMENT. (Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, JF., & Mercier, A, eds.). FAO, Rome, Fisheries Technical Paper No. 463. 425 pps.

Chen, Y., 1989. The effect of different densities of juvenile sea cucumbers on their growth. Fisheries Science, Liaoning. 8: 18-21.

Chen, Y., et al. 1992. An experiment on culturing larva of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus in winter. Fisheries Science, Liaoning. 11(4): 1-3.

Chen, Z., Chen, Q., Zheng, W., Wu, Q., & Su, W., 1998. Study on the main nutritional components of a kind of holothurian - Mensamaria intercedens (Lampert) and its anti-cancer effects. Marine Science Bulletin. 17: 34-39.

Chen, Z., & Mayer, LM., 1999. Sedimentary metal bioavailability determined by the digestive constraints of marine deposit feeders: gut retention time and dissolved amino acids. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 176: 139-151.

Cheng, L., & Lewin, RA., 1984. Prochloron on Synaptula. Bulletin Marine Science. 35: 95-98.

Cherbonnier, G., 1954. LE ROMAN DES ECHINODERMS. Collection Scientifique Le Monde et l’Homme, Paris. 127 pps.

Chia, FS., Atwood, D., & Crawford, B., 1975. Comparative morphology of echinoderm sperm and possible phylogenetic implications. American Zoologist. 15: 553-565.

Chia, FS., & Bickell, LR., 1984. Echinodermata. Pp. 545-620. In: REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF INVERTEBRATES VOLUME 2. SPERMATOGENESIS AND SPERM FUNCTION. (Adiyodi, KD., & Adiyodi, RG., eds.). John Wiley Co., New York.

Chia, FS., & Buchanan, J., 1969. Larval development of Cucumaria elongata. Journal Marine Biological Association UK. 49: 151-159.

Chia, FS., & Burke, RD., 1978. Echinoderm metamorphosis: fate of larval structures. Pp. 219-234. In: SETTLEMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS OF MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE. (Chia, FS., & Rice, M., eds.). Elsevier North Holland, New York. 290 pps.

Choe, S., 1963. BIOLOGY OF THE JAPANESE COMMON SEA CUCUMBER STICHOPUS JAPONICUS SELENKA. Kaibundo Shuppansha Kabushiki Gaisha, Tokyo. 226 pp.

Choe, S., & Ohshima, Y., 1961. On the morphological and ecological differences between two commercial forms, "green" and "red," of the Japanese common sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus Selenka. Bulletin Japanese Society Scientific Fisheries. 27: 97-106.

Choo, PS., 2004. Fisheries, trade and utilization of sea cucumbers in Malaysia. Pp. 57-68. In: ADVANCES IN SEA CUCUMBER AQUACULTURE AND MANAGEMENT. (Lovatelli, A., Conand, C., Purcell, S., Uthicke, S., Hamel, JF., Mercier, A., eds.). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 463. 425pps.

Choonhabandit, S., & Tsuchiya, M., 1989. Ecological distribution of shallow subtidal macrobenthic animals on the sandy bottom of Sichang Island, The Gulf of Thailand: A preliminary report. Galaxea. 8: 231-239.

Chorpa, B., 1931. On some Decapod Crustacea found in the cloaca of Holothurians. Records Indian Museum. 33: 303-324.

Chumak, AD., Pavel, KG., & Timchishina, GN., 1995. Determination of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers. Izvestiya Tikhookeanskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Rybokhozyaistvennogo Tsentra. 118: 36-40.

Clark, AM., Lumb, C., Picton, B., & Earll, B., 1986. Echinodermata: in situ features of some of the more 'difficult' species: brittlestars & sea cucumbers. Marine Recording. 1: 8-11.

Clark, FW., & Wheeler, WC., 1917. The inorganic constituents of marine invertebrates. Professional Papers US. Geological Survey, Washington. No. 102: 56 pps..

Clark, HL., 1897. The Viviparous Synapta of the West Indies. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 19: 398-400.

Clark, HL., 1898. Synapta vivipara: A contribution to the morphology of Echinoderms. Memoir Boston Society. 5: 53-88.

Clark, HL., 1902. The breeding habits of Holothurians. Reports Michigan Academy Science. 3: 83-85.

Clark, HL., 1910. The development of an apodous holothurian Chiridota rotifera. Journal Experimental Zoology. 9: 497-516.

Clark, JM., 1936. An experimental study of polyspermy. Biological Bulletin. 70: 361-384.

Clarke, S., 2002. Trade in Asian dried seafood: characterization, estimation and implications for conservation. WCS Working Paper. 22: 91 pps.

Clarke, S., 2004. Understanding pressures on fishery resources through trade statistics: a pilot study of four products in the Chinese dried seafood market. Fish & Fisheries. 5: 53-74.

Clastres, A., Ahond, A., Poupat, C., Potier, P., & Inte, A., 1978. Invertebres marins du lagon neo-caledonien. 1. Etude structurale d'une nouvelle sapogenine extraite d'une holothurie: Bohadschia vitiensis Semper. Experientia. 34: 973-974.

Cleland, JD., Rosita Ong, C., 1990. The physiological ecology of the intertidal holothurian Polycheira rufescens. Pp. 1191-1200. In: THE MARINE FLORA AND FAUNA OF HONG KONG AND SOUTHERN CHINA 2. VOLUME 3. BEHAVIOUR, MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND POLLUTION. (Morton, B. ed.). Hong Kong University Press.

Clerc, A., 1904. Ferments digestifs de quelques Echinodermes. Compte Rendu Société Biologie. 56: 798-800.

Clifford, C., Walsh, J., Reidy, N., & Johnson, DB., 1982. Digestive enzymes and subcellular localization of disaccharidases in some echinoderms. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology B. 71: 105-110.

Clouse, RM., 1997. Burying behavior in an Indo-Pacific sea cucumber, Bohadschia marmorata: a circadian, not circatidal rhythm. Micronesica. 30: 245–257.

Coates, M., Chapman, HF., & Connell, DW., 1984. Effects of grazing by deposit feeders on biogenic hydrocarbons in coral-reef surface sediments. Marine Biology. 81: 87-95.

Cobb, JLS., 1989. Enigmas of the Echinoderm nervous system. Pp. 329-337. In: EVOLUTION OF THE FIRST NERVOUS SYSTEMS. (Anderson, PAV., ed.). NATO ASI. Ser. A.

Cobb, JLS., & Raymond, AM., 1979. The basiepithelial nerve plexus of the viscera and coelom of eleutherozoan echinodermata. Cell & Tissue Research. 202: 155-163.

Cohnheim, O., 1901. Versuche uber Resorption, Verdauung und Stoff wechsel von Echinodermen. Zeitschrift Physiologische Chemie. 33: 9-54.

Colacino, JM., 1974. A mathematical model of oxygen transport in the tube foot-ampullar system of the sea-cucumber, Thyone briareus L. Dissertation Abstr. Int. 348: 4214-4215.

Collier, C., 1830. On the Trepang or bêche-de-mer or Sea slug of India, the Holothuria tubulosa of naturalists. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. 8: 46-52.

Colombera, D., Sibuet, M., & Venier, G., 1976. Constance du nombre chromosomique chez les echinodermes. Cahiers Biologie Marine. 17: 433-438.

Colon, RD., 1975. Comparison of the biological activities of crude and purified holothurin from the tubules of the Bahamian sea cucumber Actinopyga agassizi Selenka. Dissertation Abstr. Int. 35: 3161.

Colon, RL., Ruggieri, GD., Nigrelli, SJ., & Nigrelli, RF., 1976. Comparison of the biological activities of crude and purified holothurin from the tubules of the Bahamian sea cucumber Actinopyga agassizi Selenka. Pp. 366-374. In: FOOD & DRUGS FROM THE SEA. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH CONFERENCE, MARINE SCIENCE CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ, 17-21 NOVEMBER 1974. (Webber, HH., & Ruggieri, GD., eds.). Marine Technology Center, Washington, DC.

Colwin, AL., Colwin, EL., & Summers, RG., 1975. The acrosomal region and the beninning of fertilization in the holothurian Thyone briareus. Pp. 27-38. In: THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE SPERMATOZOAN. (Afzelius, BA., ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford. pages

Colwin, LH., 1948. Note on the spawning of the holothurian Thyone briareus (Lesueur). Biological Bulletin. 95: 296-306.

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